Various intrauterine infections are known to cause congenital
malformations in the fetus. Maternal infection early in
gestation may cause structural abnormalities of the central
nervous system, resulting in neurological abnormalities, visual
impairment and deafness, in addition to other malformations,
such as congenital heart disease. When maternal infection
occurs in late pregnancy the risk that the infective agent will
cross the placenta is higher, and the newborn infant may
present with signs of active infection, including hepatitis,
thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia and pneumonitis.
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