Alcohol is currently the most common teratogen, and
studies suggest that between 1 in 300 and 1 in a 1000 infants
are affected. In the newborn period, exposed infants may have
tremulousness due to withdrawal, and birth defects such as
microcephaly, congenital heart defects and cleft palate. There
is often a characteristic facial appearance with short palpebral
fissures, a smooth philtrum and a thin upper lip. Children with
the fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit prenatal and postnatal
growth deficiency, developmental delay with subsequent
learning disability, and behavioural problems.
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